Inhibition of Hepatocyte Apoptosis: An Important Mechanism of Corn Peptides Attenuating Liver Injury Induced by Ethanol

In this study, the effects of mixed corn peptides and synthetic pentapeptide (QLLPF) on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by ethanol were investigated in vivo. QLLPF, was previously characterized from corn protein hydrolysis, which had been shown to exert good facilitating alcohol metabolism activity. Mice were pre-treated with the mixed corn peptides and the pentapeptide for 1 week and then treated with ethanol. After treatment of three weeks, the biochemical indices and the key ethanol metabolizing enzymes, the serum TNF-α, liver TGF-β1 concentrations and the protein expressions related to apoptosis were determined. We found that the Bcl-2, Bax and cytochrome c expressions in the intrinsic pathway and the Fas, FasL and NF-κB expressions in the extrinsic pathway together with higher TNF-α and TGF-β1 concentrations were reversed compared with the model group by both the mixed corn peptides and the pentapeptide. The activation of caspase3 was also suppressed. Additionally, apoptosis was further confirmed with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the TUNEL assay demonstrated peptides suppressed hepatocyte apoptosis. Our results suggest that apoptosis induced by ethanol is alleviated in response to the treatment of corn peptides, potentially due to reversing the related protein expression.     

秸秆燃气增氧燃烧特性的数值模拟

采用ANSYS Fluent软件对秸秆燃气增氧燃烧特性进行二维数值模拟,对燃烧室进行模型设计以及模型假设,运用网格生成软件ANSYS ICEM对燃烧室进行网格划分,结合实际工况以及理论计算值,设置较合理的边界条件,利用Fluent软件对燃烧模型进行仿真求解。针对4种不同入口氧气体积分数(21%,24%,27%,30%)工况下秸秆燃气燃烧室内的温度分布、速度分布及各烟气组分体积分数和污染物NOx生成情况,得出以下结论。增氧燃烧通过提高入口氧气体积分数,减少了加热助燃空气中氮气所需的热量,提升燃烧温度,促进燃烧完全。此燃烧室最适合入口氧气体积分数等于30%的秸秆燃气增氧燃烧。增氧燃烧中,随着入口氧气体积分数的提高,燃烧室最高当地速度和出口平均速度均增加。增氧燃烧中,随着入口氧气体积分数的增加,生成的烟气中H2O、CO2的体积分数均提高,N2的体积分数降低,在入口氧气体积分数为30%时,H2O和CO2这两种辐射能力较强的气体体积分数达到23.7%,增强了燃烧过程的辐射换热。增氧燃烧中,温度对于污染物NOx的影响较大。在燃烧室的局部高温区,NOx质量分数较高,说明热力型NOx占据污染物NOx的大部分,温度的上升导致NOx生成量明显增大。入口体积分数大于等于27%时,NOx排放体积分数明显高于相关标准限定值,所以在追求增氧高温燃烧的同时,要注意烟气的降硝处理,从而满足氮氧化物低排放标准的要求。     

Adaptive Finite Element Analysis of Air Flow Inside Grain Dryers

ABSTRACT

This paper presents a simulation study of air flow inside dryers. An adaptive finite element methodology for two-dimensional problems was developed. This study is the first application of nadaptive techniques to such tupe of problems. The formultion is generic and can be easily extended to three-dimensional analysis. Several dryer configurations were studied in order to verify the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed methodology. Results agreed well with experimental data and show significant imporvements when compared to the conventional finite elements analysis.     

INTERMITTENT THIN LAYER CORN DRYING

ABSTRACT

In this study a block oriented modelling technique was introduced in order to simulate the intermittent drying technology process. First, the relevant blocks of the parameters concerning to drying air and the properties of material to be dried were developed. These blocks were then used to set up the full modell of a fix bed dryer including the temperature and moisture distribution of drying air and The material along the depth of the dryer. The simulation results were compared to Bakker-Arkema model with a good agreement. Finally, several measurements were performed for the case of thin layer of com to prove the advantage of the intermittent drying technology. It has been founded that in both energy saving and quality of dried product the intermittent technology has a significant contribution.     

定向麦秸板制造工艺概述

阐述了生产定向麦秸板的意义,按生产工艺流程对每个工段进行了简要叙述,并对定向麦秸板生产的关键技术进行了讨论。     

酒精工厂改良湿法与半干法玉米处理工艺的对比

介绍了酒精生产过程中几种玉米处理工艺,重点从工艺、设备、公用工程消耗、提胚效率和经济效益等方面对改良湿法和半干法进行了对比,得出改良湿法是综合效益最优的玉米处理方法。     

玉米淀粉在糖化中的应用

本文介绍了玉米淀粉的特性，比较了使用玉米淀粉作辅料的优势及糖化生产中应满足的设备、工艺要求，分析了玉米淀粉代替大米作辅料对啤酒质量的影响。